References (7)
"Son of man, set your face toward Gog in the land of Magog [present-day Turkey], the leader of Rosh, Meshech [people of eastern Asia Minor], and Tubal (Hebr. Toval) [Cappadocia, also in present-day Turkey, see ], and prophesy against him
and say: Thus says the Lord God (Adonai Yahweh): Behold, I am against you, Gog, leader of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal (Hebr. Toval).
[The Hebrew word rosh is common and means head. It can either be the name of a country or interpreted as an intensifying adjective to the word leader in , making Gog a grand prince. When the Greek translation Septuagint was made around 250 BC in Alexandria, rosh was not translated as head, but as the land area Rosh, which was known at the time. However, when the Latin translation was made in the Middle Ages, it was decided to interpret the word as "head." This led to the English King James translation rendering it as chief prince. Ancient sources, however, describe a country called Resh. Even from a purely grammatical point of view, the construction suggests that three countries are mentioned.]
Therefore, prophesy, son of man, and say to Gog: Thus says the Lord God: In that day, when my people Israel dwells securely, you shall know it.
You will come up against my people Israel like a cloud covering the land. In the days to come, this will happen. I will let you come against my land, so that the nations may know me when I show myself holy through you, Gog.
And it shall come to pass in the day when Gog shall come against the land of Israel, declares the Lord God (Adonai Yahweh), that my fury shall come up within me.
And you, son of man [], prophesy against Gog and say: "Thus says the Lord God (Adonai Yahweh): Here I am against you, Gog, leader of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal (Hebr. Toval) [],
And it shall come to pass in that day, that I will give unto Gog a place for burial in Israel, their valley that passeth on the east of the sea [probably east of the Dead Sea and the king's highway from Amman, via Petra to Egypt], and it shall hinder (stop) those who pass by, and there they shall bury Gog and his multitudes, and they shall call (name) it "Hamon Gog's valley." [Hebr. hamon means "large quantity" but also noise, tumult, roar, and thunder. The meaning could be the valley where Gog's entire numerous army is buried, or the valley where Gog's last roar was heard.]
