Greet Apelles,
proven in the Anointed One (Messiah, Christ).
Greet those who belong to the family of Aristobulus.
[Aristobulus may have been the grandson of Herod the Great and a friend of Emperor Claudius. His brother was Agrippa I, who, among other things, killed James, see . It is not known whether Aristobulus had become a Christian or whether he was alive when the letter was written. However, his family were believers and receive a special greeting from Paul.]
