2 Sam. 5:5 in context
The whole interlinear chapter
2 Sam. 5:4      2 Sam. 5:6

Second Samuel 5:5

In Hebron, he ruled over Judah for seven years and six months [ca. 1010–1002 BC], and in Jerusalem, he ruled over all of Israel and Judah for 33 years [ca. 1002–970 BC].
[ Khirbet Qeiyafa – A city that shows David's growing kingdom
Until the discovery in Tell Dan in northern Israel in 1993, which mentions "the house of David," there was no archaeological evidence that David had existed. Excavations in 2007–2013 at Khirbet Qeiyafa, located in the Elah Valley (near Azeka, where David defeated Goliath), show how the united kingdom of Israel during David's time (c. 1010–970 BC) expanded and strengthened its position by building new fortified cities as a defense against the Philistines. The city was inhabited for only a short period of 20-30 years during the latter part of David's reign. The city was destroyed in 980-970 BC. Dating has often been done solely on the basis of ceramic finds, but in Khirbet Qeiyafa, about 20 olive pits were found that could be analyzed using the carbon-14 method, which enabled such an accurate dating. Another decisive factor in the dating was the fact that the city was inhabited for only a short period of time before being abandoned for a long time.
The city shows all the signs (type of wall, city planning, absence of pig bones, type of pottery, etc.) of being a Jewish city and not a Philistine or Canaanite one. The site is strategically important, located a day's march from both Jerusalem and Hebron. It is a border town with the Philistines (12 km to Gat to the west). The findings have enabled archaeologists to better identify cities from the same period at other excavations. Some of them are: Beit-Shemesh (layer 4), Tell en-Nasbeh, Chirvet ed-Davara, Chirvet al-Raj (2019) and Lachish (layer 5, 2023).
The wall is a so-called casemate wall (double wall). This technique was used in Israeli cities, but not in Philistine or Canaanite cities. Specific to Judah is that the wall was integrated into the dwellings where it could be used as a storage room. A thicker wall is certainly stronger, but the advantage of this hollow construction (in this case, the width of the outer wall was 1.5 meters and the inner wall 1 meter) is that it is quicker to build. Finds show that four groups built the wall, starting from each side of the two gates. Everything points to a central administration that planned the construction of the city.
Between 2007 and 2013, a quarter of the city has been excavated (which is a lot in archaeological terms). Over 400,000 clay shards and 693 handles from large clay vessels have been found. Such vessels were used by a central administration, where empty vessels were sent out to be filled, and served as a kind of taxation. Here in the Elah Valley, much of the grain needed to feed the growing empire was grown. Among the more spectacular finds is an inscription with the name Esh-Baal, the same name as Saul's fourth son (1 Chron. 8:33). Of the thousands of names found on other inscriptions from places in Israel, this is the first time this name has been discovered. It also fits in chronologically with the people in the Bible who have that name. Personal names containing Baal, which means "lord" but was also used for the Canaanite god, no longer appear in the Bible after the 9th century BC.
Twelve very small weights have also been found, all with a rounded top and a flat base. They were used to weigh precious materials such as metals, jewels, or spices. They are all different fractions of the shekel (11.5 grams). Before this discovery, it was commonly believed that this precise system of measurement was first used in the 600s in Judah. Other signs that the city had an active and well-developed commerce include beautiful vessels from Cyprus and scarabs from Egypt. In addition, many metal objects have been found, including 15 daggers, 10 arrowheads, 3 swords, and a bronze axe.]
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The hebrew text BETA

Hebrew Masoretic text (MA), Read from right to left

בְּחֶבְרוֹן   מָלַךְ   עַל   יְהוּדָה   שֶׁבַע   שָׁנִים   וְשִׁשָּׁה   חֳדָשִׁים   וּבִירוּשָׁלִַם   מָלַךְ   שְׁלֹשִׁים   וְשָׁלֹשׁ   שָׁנָה   עַל   כָּל   יִשְׂרָאֵל   וִיהוּדָה  

Greek Septuagint (LXX), Read from left to right

ἑπτὰ ἔτη καὶ ἓξ μῆνας ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Χεβρων ἐπὶ τὸν Ιουδαν καὶ τριάκοντα τρία ἔτη ἐβασίλευσεν ἐπὶ πάντα Ισραηλ καὶ Ιουδαν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ

Interlinear — horizontal

Below is an interlinear translation which follows the original scripture word for word. We are still working on the lexicon. Please contact us if you want to help.



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Interlinear — table

Below is an interlinear version in table form that follows the word order of the original text. Clicking on the Strongs number will show the words in their basic form (note that sometimes the grammar causes not only the endings to change, but also the initial letters of the word).


Strongs nr Hebrew English Grammar Code
H9003
H2275b
 בְּ (be)
חֶבְרוֹן֙ (chevervón)
 in
Hebron
Prep. Preposition

Noun Noun
♂ masculine
Name/Place name/place

 R
Npm
H4427a
 מָלַ֣ךְ (malakhe)
 to reign
Verb Verb
qal qatal 3p ♂ sing. qal qatal third person masculine singular

Vqp3ms
H5921a
H9014
 עַל (al-)
־
upon
link
Prep. Preposition

 R
H3063
 יְהוּדָ֔ה (jehodah)
 Judah
Noun Noun
Name/Place name/place

 Npl
H7651
 שֶׁ֥בַע (sheva)
 seven
Noun Noun
♂/♀ sing. masculine och feminine singular Absolute state

 Ncbsa
H8141
 שָׁנִ֖ים (shanim)
 year
Noun Noun
♂ pl. masculine plural Absolute state

 Ncmpa
H9002
H8337
 וְ (ve)
שִׁשָּׁ֣ה (shishah)
 and
six
Conj. Conjunktion

Noun Noun
♀ sing. feminine singular Absolute state

 C
Ncfsa
H2320
 חֳדָשִׁ֑ים (chódashim)
 month
Noun Noun
♂ pl. masculine plural Absolute state

 Ncmpa
H9002
H9003
H3389
 וּ (o)
בִ (vi)
ירוּשָׁלִַ֣ם (jroshalaim)
 and
in
Jerusalem
Conj. Conjunktion

Prep. Preposition

Noun Noun
Name/Place name/place

 C
R
Npl
H4427a
 מָלַ֗ךְ (malakhe)
 to reign
Verb Verb
qal qatal 3p ♂ sing. qal qatal third person masculine singular

Vqp3ms
H7970
 שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים (shelóshim)
 thirty
Noun Noun
♂ pl. masculine plural Absolute state

 Ncmpa
H9002
H7969
 וְ (ve)
שָׁלֹשׁ֙ (shalósh)
 and
three
Conj. Conjunktion

Noun Noun
♂/♀ sing. masculine och feminine singular Absolute state

 C
Ncbsa
H8141
 שָׁנָ֔ה (shanah)
 year
Noun Noun
♀ sing. feminine singular Absolute state

 Ncfsa
H5921a
 עַ֥ל (al)
 upon
Prep. Preposition

 R
H3605
H9014
 כָּל (kal-)
־
all
link
Noun Noun
♂/♀ sing. gen. masculine och feminine singular Construct state

Ncbsc
H3478
 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (jiserael)
 Israel
Noun Noun
Name/Place name/place

 Npl
H9002
H3063
H9016
 וִ (vi)
יהוּדָֽה (jhodah)
׃
and
Judah
verseEnd
Conj. Conjunktion

Noun Noun
Name/Place name/place

 C
Npl

The color of the words tell you how rare the word is, the more red, the fewer uses.

Colorscale:  
1-5
|6-10
|11-50
|51-100
|101-500
|501-1000
|1000+

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