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And she sent for and summoned Barak, the son of Avinoam from Kedesh-Naftali, and said to him [this is the first of three speeches to Barak given by Deborah]: "Has not the Lord, the God of Israel (Yahweh Elohim), commanded and said, 'Go and go out against Mount Tabor and take with you 10,000 men from the sons of Naphtali and from the sons of Zebulun? [There is a Kedesh northwest of Hazor and north of Lake Hula (Josh. 20:7). However, the most likely location here is Kirbet-Kedesh on the western side of the Sea of Galilee, just south of present-day Tiberias.]
[Deborah's song breaks the pattern of stories and becomes an interruption. Just as before, the land had enjoyed peace from the sword for 40 years (Judg. 3:11, 29), so it will be after God has raised up Deborah as judge, see verse 31. The chapter begins by mentioning Deborah and Barak together. The fact that Deborah is mentioned first and the verb sang (Hebr. va-tashar) is in the feminine form shows that it was Deborah who had the leading role in this song and Barak was with her. Songs of victory were not uncommon, see Ex. 15:1–18. There are also several non-biblical examples, such as Tukulti-Ninurta's epic poems (from the 13th century BC in Assyria) about his victories over Kashtiliash IV, the Kassite king of Babylonia.] Then Deborah and Barak, the son of Abinoam, sang this song:
[Chiasmus with Deborah's name central to the first stanza and Barak framing the second:] Wake up (triumph), wake up (triumph) Deborah, wake up, wake up – speak (sing) a song! Arise, Barak and lead your captives into captivity, you son of Avinoam [which is Barak, see verse 1].
