References (12)
Philip
and Bartholomew [Bartolomaios, Hebrew name, "son of Talmais". This is probably the same person as Nathanael, who is mentioned together with Philip, see . In that case, he came from Cana, see ],
Thomas [Hebrew word meaning "twin", see ; ]
and Matthew, the tax collector (publican) [the author of this gospel],
James, son of Alphaeus,
and Thaddaeus [Judas, not Iscariot],
Andrew,
Philip [Greek word meaning "one who loves horses"],
Bartholomew [also called Nathanael],
Matthew,
Thomas [Hebrew word meaning "twin," see ; ],
James, son of Alphaeus,
Thaddaeus [Greek word meaning "one who has a warm heart" or "beloved child". He was also called Jude, son of James; he probably changed his name to avoid being associated with Judas Iscariot],
Simon "the Zealot" (fanatic, zealot, nationalist, Selot) [literally "Simon the Canaanite," the Aramaic equivalent of the Greek term "Zealot," both words meaning "the devoted, zealous, fanatical," may also indicate that he was involved in the Jewish resistance movement against the Roman Empire before becoming a disciple of Jesus],
and Matthew,
and Thomas [Hebrew word meaning "twin"; ],
and James, son of Alphaeus,
and Simon, who was called the Zealot [literally "the devoted, zealous, fanatical" and suggests that he was involved in the Jewish resistance movement against the Roman Empire before becoming a disciple of Jesus],
Then Thomas, who was called the Twin (Gk. Didymus; Aramaic: Taama), said to the other disciples (Gk. summathetes): "Let us also go, that we may die [be killed by the Jews together] with him."
Thomas asks (says to) him [and repeats Peter's question, see ]: "Lord, we don't know (haven't seen) where you are going, so how can we [then] know (have known; understood, seen) the way?"
Thomas, one of the twelve, who was called the Twin (Gk. Didymus; Aramaic: Taama), was not with them when Jesus came.
Eight days later
[Hebrew expression for a week, i.e., the following Sunday], his disciples were gathered there again
[in the upper room in Jerusalem, see ], and
Thomas was with them. Although the doors were locked, Jesus suddenly stood among them and said, "Peace be with you."
Then he said to Thomas, "Put your finger here, see (examine, get a clear understanding of) my [pierced] hands (wrists), and reach out your hand and put it into my side. Stop your unbelief and start believing (become full of faith)!"
Thomas answered and said to him, "My Lord and my God!"
Jesus said to him, "You believe because you have seen (experienced, witnessed) me. Blessed (happy, enviable) are those who do not see [have not seen me with their physical eyes] yet believe [have believed and believe in me]."
The following
[seven] people were gathered:
Simon Peter,
Thomas, called the Twin
(Gk. Didymus),
Nathanael, from
Cana in
Galilee,
the sons of Zebedee
[James and John] and two other disciples of Jesus.
[The two other disciples who are not named may have been Andrew and Philip. They are mentioned together in and .]When they arrived, they went up to the upper room where they used to be (had a habit of gathering):
Peter
and James
and John
and Andrew;
Philip
and Thomas,
Bartholomew [also called Nathanael]
and Matthew;
James, the son of Alphaeus,
and Simon the Zealot
[Zealot literally means "the devoted, zealous, fanatical," and may imply that he was a member of the Jewish resistance movement against the Roman Empire.]
and Judas, the son of James.
[Three groups emerge when the apostles are listed. Peter, Philip, and James are always mentioned as the first names in each group, see ; ; . In the original text, all names except Peter, Philip, Bartholomew, and James are preceded by the Greek kai, the word "and". A linguistic detail for grouping.]
