References (87)
Noah's sons who left the ark were Shem, Ham, and Japheth. Ham was the father of Canaan [who was born later].
Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father's nakedness [genitals – Hebr. ervah] and told his two brothers outside (the tent).
and he said, "Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants (slave) shall he be to his brothers!"
And he said further, "Blessed be the Lord (Yahweh), the God of Shem, and let Canaan be his servant.
May God (Elohim) enlarge Japheth, and may he dwell in Shem's tents, and let Canaan be their servant."
[A total of 30 descendants of Ham are mentioned. Ham's sons mainly moved southwest towards Egypt and North Africa, but also to the Arabian Peninsula. Canaan (who lived in the land of Canaan that the Israelites conquered) also belongs to this group.]
The sons of Cham (Ham) were:
Cush [meaning "black"; corresponds to the African kingdom of Nubia; present-day southern Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan] and
Mitsrajim [Egypt] and
Put (Hebr. Pot) [corresponds to present-day Libya, see ; ; ] and
Canaan [present-day Israel].
Canaan [Ham's fourth son, whom Noah cursed, see ] received:
Sidon [Hebr. Tsidon, from the verb tsod to hunt/fish; also the name of the coastal city of Sidon in present-day Lebanon], his firstborn, and
Chet [ancestor of the Hittites],
Terah took Abram, his son, and Lot, Haran's son, and Sarai, his daughter-in-law, Abram's wife, and they journeyed from Ur in Chaldea and came to Haran (Hebr. Charan), where they stayed.
Abram took Sarai, his wife, and Lot, his nephew, and all their possessions that they had gathered, and the people (servants, literally "souls") that they had acquired in Haran. They set out to go to the land of Canaan, and they came to the land of Canaan.
Abram settled in the land of Canaan, while Lot settled near the cities of the plain. [Five cities are mentioned in the Jordan Valley, see , .] Yes, he [Lot] pitched his tent near Sodom.
After ten years in the land of Canaan, Sarai, Abram's wife, gave her Egyptian servant Hag to her husband as a second wife.
and I will give to you and to your seed after you (your descendants) the land in which you have been walking, the whole land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession, and I will be their God (Elohim)."
Sarah died in Kirjat Arba, which is Hebron in the land of Canaan, and Abraham came to mourn Sarah and weep over her.
After that, Abraham buried his wife Sarah in the cave in the field of Machpela in front of Mamre, which is Hebron in the land of Canaan.
And Isaac called Jacob and blessed him and admonished him and said to him, "You shall not take a wife from among the daughters of Canaan.
When Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him to Paddan-Aram to take a wife from there, and that he had blessed him and commanded him, saying, "You shall not take a wife from the daughters of Canaan,"
and Esau saw that the daughters of Canaan did not please his father,
and took all his livestock and all the property he had acquired, the livestock he had acquired and acquired in Paddan-Aram, and went to his father Isaac in the land of Canaan.
And Jacob
[continued westward, across the Jordan, and] arrived safely
(in peace) at the city of
Shechem in the land of
Canaan when he came from Paddan-Aram
[] and camped in front of the city.
[Shechem (meaning: shoulder) is present-day Nablus. The city is located in the central mountainous region about 70 kilometers north of Jerusalem near Mount Gerizim and Mount Ebal. Jacob pitched his tents in front of the city, i.e., east of it in the fertile fields.]And Jacob came to Luz, which is in the land of
Canaan, that is,
Bethel [Bethel means "house of God"; see also ], he and the people who were with him.
Esau took [three non-Jewish] wives from among the daughters of Canaan [against the will of his father Isaac, see , ]:
Ada, daughter of Elon the Hittite,
and Oholivama, daughter of Anah, granddaughter of Zibeon the Hivite
and Oholivama bore Jeosh, and Jalam, and Korah.
These are the sons of Esau who were born to him in the land of Canaan.
And Esau took his wives and his sons and his daughter and all the persons of his house, and his cattle and all his animals and all his possessions that he had gathered in the land of Canaan, and went to a land away from his brother Jacob.
Jacob lived in the land where his fathers had wandered, in the land of Canaan.
The sons of Israel came among all the others who came [on the 8-10 day journey down to Egypt] to trade, for the famine was severe in the land of Canaan.
Joseph saw his brothers and recognized them, but he made himself unrecognizable to them and spoke harshly (in an authoritative voice) to them, saying, "Where do you come from?" And they answered, "From the land of Canaan, to buy food."
They said, "We, your servants, are twelve brothers, sons of one man in the land of Canaan; our youngest is with his father, and one is no longer alive."
They returned to their father Jacob in the land of Canaan and told him everything that had happened to them, saying:
We are twelve brothers, sons of our father; one is no more, and the youngest is with his father in the land of Canaan.
Behold, the money we found at the top of our sacks we brought back from the land of Canaan; how then could we steal silver and gold from your lord's house?
Pharaoh said to Joseph, "Tell your brothers, 'This is what you are to do: Load your animals and go to the land of Canaan
They went up, out of the land of Egypt, and came into the land of Canaan to Jacob, their father.
They took their livestock and their possessions, which they had acquired in the land of Canaan, and came to Egypt, Jacob and his seed (descendants, children) with him.
The sons of Judah:
Er and Onan [pronounced "Ohnan"] and Shelah and Perez and Zerah,
but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan.
The sons of Perez were Hezron and Hamul.
Joseph said to his brothers and to his father's household, "I will go up and tell Pharaoh and say to him, 'My brothers and my father's household, who were in the land of Canaan, have come to me.
Then Joseph went and told Pharaoh, saying, "My father and my brothers, their flocks and their herds and all that they have, have come from the land of Canaan, and now they are in the land of Goshen []."
They said to Pharaoh, "We have come to sojourn in the land, for there is no pasture for your servants' small livestock (sheep) because the famine and drought are severe in the land of Canaan. Therefore, we now beg (appeal) you, let your servants dwell in the land of Goshen."
There was no bread in the whole land, for the famine was very severe, so that the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan wasted away because of the famine.
Joseph collected all the money that was in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan for the grain they bought. And Joseph brought the money into Pharaoh's house.
When the money was spent in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan, all the Egyptians came to Joseph and said, "Give us bread, for why should we die in your sight? For all our money is gone."
Jacob said to Joseph, "God Almighty (El Shaddai) appeared to me at Luz [another name for Bethel] in the land of Canaan and blessed me [; ],
As for me, when I came from Paddan, Rachel died on me in the land of Canaan on the way, when there was still some distance to go to Ephrathah. I buried her there on the way to Ephrathah." The place is called Bethlehem today.
in the cave in the field of Machpelah, in front of Mamre, in the land of Canaan, which Abraham bought with the field from Ephron the Hittite as a property and burial place.
My father made me swear an oath, saying, 'Behold, I am about to die. You must bury me in my grave that I have dug for myself in the land of Canaan.' So, please, let me now go up and bury my father, and then return."
His sons carried him to the land of Canaan and buried him in the cave in the field of Machpelah, which Abraham had bought with the field as a property and burial place from the Hittite Ephron, in front of Mamre.
I have also established my covenant with them and promised to give them Canaan, the land where they lived as strangers.
The leaders of Edom are terrified.
Anxiety has seized the mighty men of Moab.
All the inhabitants of Canaan melt away.
[The word for melt signifies a change that cannot be resisted. The people tremble with fear and cannot do anything about the situation.]
The children (sons) of Israel ate manna for 40 years. They ate manna until they came to settle in the land, when they came to the border of the land of Canaan. []
When you come to the land of Canaan, which I am giving you as a possession, and I put spots of mold (fungal infection) on a house in the land of your possession,
You [plural] must not do as they do in Egypt,
where you have lived.
Nor are you to do as they do in the land of Canaan,
where I am bringing you.
You must not walk in (live by) their [Egypt and Canaan]
statutes (ordinances, literally "things engraved," indicating permanent laws).
I am the Lord your God (Yahweh Elohim) who brought you out of the land of Egypt, to give you the land of Canaan and be your God (Elohim).
"Send men (Hebr. enósh) to explore (investigate – Hebr. ) the land of Canaan, which I have given to the sons of Israel. [The purpose of the mission was to report on all the good things in the land.] From each of the tribes of the fathers, you shall send one man (literally "one man, one man" – Hebr. ish ehad ish ehad) [], and all of them shall be leaders among them."
[The Hebrew word for exploring here (Hebr. ) has a positive connotation of finding what is good. The English words "tour" and "tourism" come from this word, which retains the same meaning of exploring a country and visiting the best places. There are other Hebr. words for spying and finding weaknesses (Hebr. ), but this is not used here, as Moses knew that God had given them the land. The men who were sent out were expected to return with good reports, just as Noah hoped that the dove he sent out would return with good news that the waters had receded, see . There are several parallels here. The dove returned with a fresh olive leaf, and the men brought grapes (see ). The Hebrew word for dove (Hebr. dor) is also similar to the word tor. The word tor is used 14 times in the Book of Numbers, and the first time is when God himself designates the next (the best and most suitable) resting place for the Israelites, see .]
And Moses sent them out to explore (investigate) the land of Canaan and said to them:
"Go up here into the south (Negev) and go up into the mountains,
The sons of Judah: Er and Onan, and Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan.
but if they will not go over armed for battle with you, then they shall have their possessions in the land of Canaan."
We will cross over armed for battle before the Lord (Yahweh), into the land of Canaan, and the possession of our inheritance shall be with us on this side of the Jordan."
And the Canaanite, the king of Arad, who lived in the south of Canaan, heard that the Israelites were coming.
"Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them:
'When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan,
Command the sons of Israel and say to them: 'When you come into the land of Canaan, this is the land that shall belong to you as an inheritance, the land of Canaan with its borders.
These are the ones whom the Lord (Yahweh) commanded to divide the inheritance among the sons of Israel in the land of Canaan.
Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them: "When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan,
You shall give three cities on the other side of the Jordan and three cities in the land of Canaan. They shall be cities of refuge.
"Go up to this mountain of Avarim
[mountain range], to Mount
[peak] Nebo, which is in the land of Moab, opposite Jericho, and see the land of
Canaan, which I am giving to the sons of Israel for their possession
(property; literally: something to grasp hold of – Hebr. ),
And the manna ceased on the morning after they ate of the produce of the land. The sons of Israel no longer had manna [], but they ate of the fruit of the land of Canaan that year.
And this is the inheritance which the children of Israel took in the land of Canaan, which Eleazar the priest and Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers' houses of the tribes of the children of Israel, gave unto them.
and spoke to them at Shiloh in the land of Canaan, saying, "The Lord (Yahweh) commanded through Moses to give us cities to dwell in with open country around them for our livestock."
So the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh returned and left the sons of Israel. They went out from Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan, to go to the land of Gilead [east of the Jordan River], to the land of their possessions which they had taken according to the commandment of the Lord (Yahweh) through the hand of Moses. []
And when they came to the area of the Jordan in the land of Canaan, the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh built an altar there by the Jordan, a large altar to look at.
And the sons of Israel heard it said, "Behold, the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh have built an altar before the land of Canaan, in the region of the Jordan on the side facing the sons of Israel."
And Phinehas, the son of Eleazar the priest, returned from the sons of Reuben and from the sons of Gad out of the land of Gilead to the land of Canaan to the sons of Israel, and brought word.
And I took your father Abraham from the other side of the river and led him through all the lands of Canaan and multiplied his seed and gave him Isaac.
These are the peoples (nations) that the Lord (Yahweh) left [allowed to remain undefeated] to test Israel through them—all those who did not know all the wars of Canaan,
And the Lord
(Yahweh) delivered them into the hand of Jabin, king of
Canaan, who reigned in
Chatsor [in Upper Galilee, north of the Sea of Galilee]. The commander of his army was Sisera, who lived in Charoshet-Hagojim
("the forest land of the Gentiles").
[The name Sisera is not found in the Middle East, which means that it may originate from the city of Sassari in Sardinia. He may have been part of the seafaring people who came from the Greek islands (). In terms of meaning, the name is composed of horse (Hebr. sus) and to see (Hebr. raa), which gives the meaning of someone who is fast and sees.
Charoshet means "forest land" and ha-gojim is "the Gentiles." The compound name Charoshet-Hagojim may be a city or the area that was under Sisera's control. No archaeological finds have yet been made that link any place to this name. This may indicate that the name refers to a forest area, probably around the Carmel mountain range in the western Jezreel Valley. The Kishon stream, which flows through the Jezreel Valley and empties into present-day Haifa, is mentioned in connection with the name, see .]So God (Elohim) subdued Jabin, king of Canaan, before the sons of Israel on that day.
And the hand of the sons of Israel prevailed more and more against Jabin, king of Canaan, until they destroyed Jabin, king of Canaan.
The kings come, they fight,
then the kings of Canaan fight,
in Taanach by the waters of Megiddo,
they have no gain from silver.
And they found among the inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead 400 young virgins who had not known a man by lying in his bed. And they brought them to the camp at Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan.
The sons of Ham were:
Cush [African kingdom of Nubia; present-day southern Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan]
and Mizraim [Egypt]
and Put (Hebr. Pot) [corresponds to present-day Libya, see ; ; ]
and Canaan [present-day Israel].
Canaan was the father of Sidon, who was his firstborn, and Chet,
You say, "To you I will give the land of Canaan,
your entire inheritance." []
You say, "To you I will give the land of Canaan,
your entire inheritance." []
They shed innocent blood,
the blood of their sons and daughters,
whom they sacrificed to the idols of Canaan [],
so that the land was defiled (uncleansed) by the blood.
Sihon, king of the Amorites,
and Og, king of Bashan []
and all the kingdoms of Canaan [; ],
On that day there will be five cities in the land of Egypt that speak the language of Canaan and swear allegiance to the Lord of Hosts (Yahweh Sebaot). One of them will be called the City of Destruction (Hebr. ir ha-heres). [Refers to the city of On, in Greek Heliopolis ("city of the sun"), about 8 km northeast of Cairo.]
He has stretched out his hand over the sea,
he has shaken the kingdoms,
the Lord (Yahweh) has given orders concerning Canaan
to destroy its strongholds.
Like a merchant with a deceitful scale in his hand,
he loves to oppress.
Woe to the inhabitants along the sea,
the land of the Kerethites [Cretans – a people originally from the island of Crete].
The word of the Lord (Yahweh) is against you.
Canaan, the land of the Philistines:
"I will destroy you
until there are no more inhabitants among you."
